Showing posts with label passenger car sales. Show all posts
Showing posts with label passenger car sales. Show all posts

Friday, June 29, 2012

New Car Dealers Egypt

Movies - YouTube
As the ranch faces financial strains, Armando's younger brother Raul (Diego Luna) shows up with his new fiancee, Sonia A mysterious criminal mastermind has stolen one of the pyramids in Egypt, sparking a Terry Leather (Statham) was a small-time car dealer who was trying to ... View Video

Pictures of New Car Dealers Egypt

Unctad.org
Egypt 14 March 1998 France 13 Aug ust 1960 Germany 11 April 1967 Italy 11 June 1969 Mali 18 May 2001 Tchad Motors Industries SA France New and used car dealers 3.2 20 .. Sdv Chad France .. .. .. .. Société Commerciale Automobiles Autchad Sa France .. .. .. .. ... Get Doc

Great Wall Motors - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Factories exist in Bulgaria Egypt Ethiopia Indonesia Iran Nigeria Russia A new such factory will become operational in 2013 in Brazil, passenger car, and pickup truck lines naming them Haval, Voleex, and Wingle, ... Read Article

Photos of New Car Dealers Egypt

FIAT INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
Productions in France,Turkey,Egypt,South Africa, the launch of its new vehicles in the B and C passenger car segments. Fiat also plans to introduce its premium cars through Tata's dealers,is likely to double the ... Read Content

New Car Dealers Egypt Photos

GB Auto Group S.A.E. - Meris
Units, which will be supported through new dealers’ network and after sales service facilities. The Hyundai passenger car sales in Egypt yielded a gross margin of 13.0%, the Mazda car generated 10.9% margin in Egypt, while the Iraqi Hyundai ... Access Full Source

New Car Dealers Egypt Pictures

Investor Presentation | Third Quarter 2011 GB Auto
Now with open channels to dealers GB Auto offers a wide product range within this business segment 29,401 40,830 43,251 47,878 48,643 46,784 -20,000 Assembly of new entry-level passenger car in Egypt Assembly of pick-up truck and microbus Develop consumer finance operations in collaboration with ... Fetch Document

Pictures of New Car Dealers Egypt

01 Contents Events4
Or at any of the following authorised dealers: ST AR NOTE ST AR CONTACT star Head of Mercedes Car Group, on his first visit to Egypt. Mercedes-Benz in Egypt witnessed this notable occasion from the 12 th new, further developed car was based on t ... Access Full Source

New Car Dealers Egypt Pictures

Ichiro Suzuki With An LS 400
New car inventories, parts availability, and Lexus sponsors San Francisco Opera’s production of Egypt-themed videoconference with dealers providing an opportunity for phone-in questions, a summary of 1991, and plans for the year ... Read Full Source

CIA Covert Action In Iran, Vietnam, Laos, The Congo, Cuba ...
Japan Cuba egypt syrai iraq and list goes on they bully the world and want world to run their way lol yet now they are going to be paying soon when social unrest will start in their own country it Death Dealers !!! 1952410 2 Try something new! Language ... View Video

New Car Dealers Egypt Pictures


Dealers are authorized to perform all warranty repairs. That means that, depending on the warranty repair needed, the vehicle may need to be You can get additional protection for your new car or light truck by purchasing a Ford Extended Service Plan (Ford ESP). ... View Doc

New Car Dealers Egypt Pictures

Best Practice Bulletin
Would provide dealers with a new revenue stream to complement new vehicle sales income amid intense competition. 8 case study ofToyota Egypt Group S.A.E. Best-Selling Passenger Car Award Egypt’s Auto Marketing Information Council (AMIC) ... Fetch Here

Photos of New Car Dealers Egypt

AutoSales Training The Road To Success - Auto Sales Training
All dealers pay the same price for the same new vehicle - equipped the same way. There is only one thing your customer won’t find at the sale!!! Car buyers today are better educated, better informed, and more sophisticated than they were in the years past. You only have seconds to ... Access Full Source

Health Care Bill Page 425 - The Truth - Urban Legends
For a non-partisan evaluation of many of the claims and counter-claims about what the new law will actually do, see FactCheck.org. 1. Text of hysterical rumor: I could get his by a car tonight – where’s my consultation? ... Read Article

New Car Dealers Egypt Images

Middle East Database Directories - Firmenadressen Kaufen
Discover Egypt Companies - 105,800 - 2,650 Categories Company Name Country City Address Telephone Fax Email Website Contact Person Activity CAR DEALERS & MANUFACTURERS - NEW CARS CAR FLOOR MATS - IRRIGATION HOSES SHOES HEELS - SPEAR PARTS & RENEWABLE RUBBER ... Read Content

Pictures of New Car Dealers Egypt

Compilation Of Foreign Motor Vehicle Import Requirements
Car dealers must meet a number of preliminary conditions: they must be approved and certified by the EGYPT - New Motor Vehicle Sales (in units) 2003 2004 2005 Personal Use Vehicles 63,217 72,761 104,221 Commercial Use ... Read Document

Pictures of New Car Dealers Egypt

New ŠKODA Citigo
Name of ŠKODA's exciting new city car. The brand's new model will make its debut in its domestic market, the Czech Republic, before the end of this year, with Center and ARTOC Auto’s six authorised dealers from across Egypt. ARTOC Auto management hosted a meeting ... Fetch Doc

General Motors - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
General Motors has a long history in Egypt which began in the 1920s with the assembling of cars and light The new small car will add to a group of small and fuel-efficient vehicles that the company is It was available through dealers located in only a few regions (e.g ... Read Article

New Car Dealers Egypt Images

Consumer Behaviour Of Luxury Automobiles: A Comparative Study ...
The £21.1 billion UK new car market competes with France and Italy, to be the second biggest in Europe behind Germany (Harbour, 1997: 7,22). The new registration of car dealers (Audi, Jaguar, Mercedes, Lexus, and Volvo) at the London Motor Show ’97 at Earl’s ... View This Document

Pictures of New Car Dealers Egypt

Egypt Autos Report Q1 2012
In two-thirds of cases, new car purchases in Egypt are financed by loans and the increasing difficulty in obtaining loans has hit autos dealers hard. Some companies are reacting to this development by forming their own financing units to overcome the restriction of credit. ... Get Document

New Car Dealers Egypt Pictures

BMW GROUP
Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Egypt, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the The Financial Segment focuses on the leasing of automobiles and financing credit for customers and dealers. BMW Group is setting a new benchmark to process the time required for a new car in distribution and ... Retrieve Doc

Photos of New Car Dealers Egypt

Untitled - Mercedes-Benz Egypt
Or at any of the following authorized dealers : Cairo National Automotive 1025, Corniche El Nile, Fom El Khalig. The car will set new standards, thanks to its fascinating design, Star NEW Star Egypt 28 New Kattameya branch Mercedes-Benz: Now closer to you. Star Egypt 29 ... Retrieve Full Source

Photos of New Car Dealers Egypt


With dealers • Concerns about delivery • Lack of integration with related services, such as financing and insurance In emerging markets, new car sales will likely be overwhelmingly dominated by traditional, internal combustion engines. ... Read Full Source

Hyundai Getz - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
From 2004, a new 1.1 litre engine was introduced to the line and a 1.4 litre engine replaced the 1.3 litre. A 1.6 litre engine replaced the 1.5 litre. Australia's Best Small Car in 2003 and 2005. Scottish Small Car of the Year award in 2003. UK What Car? ... Read Article

Photos of New Car Dealers Egypt

Excitement About Non-Prime Auto Financing
Dealers’ understanding of the buying practices of non-prime auto financing sources lends to the new car loans were booked with terms greater than 60 months. Dealer Acceptance & Reaction Dealers, of course, see this growth and ... Fetch Document

Tuesday, May 8, 2012

New Car Dealers Italy

Images of New Car Dealers Italy

The European Used Car Market Report 2012 - University Of ...
In the new car industry, manufacturers and dealers work within a tightly-disciplined Italy Figure 4[11]; New car and used car volumes, used:new ratios; Italy 2000 – 2010 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 ... Doc Retrieval

Pictures of New Car Dealers Italy

1 July 2011 TRADER MEDIA GROUP
UK, Ireland, Italy and South Africa. It is jointly owned by Guardian Media Group and Apax Partners. Razsor provides car dealers with online forecourt and New Car, which went live in March 2011, will be the first of these. ... Retrieve Doc

Images of New Car Dealers Italy

Extended Warranties For New And Used Cars In Europe - Finaccord
Italy, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain which automotive dealers and manufacturer brands actually organise and intermediate extended Passenger car parc and new / used passenger car sales (million) Source: ... Read Document

New Car Dealers Italy Images

Survey On car - PwC: Audit And Assurance, Consulting And Tax ...
The recorded drops in sales ranged from 13% in Italy, 18% in Ireland to 28% in Spain. In view of these numbers it is clear that the crisis has spread to Europe. cars by new car dealers is not common. (Only 13% of dealers buy used cars abroad ... Access Doc

SEAT - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
The goal for the new national car brand was not to be only another licensee car maker assembling foreign designs and parts in Spain, but of developing the whole manufacturing process from design to assembly within Spain. The favoured bidders were Germany's Volkswagen and Italy's Fiat. ... Read Article

Images of New Car Dealers Italy

Tal Anderson - Salute To Dealers
2012 SALUTE TO DEALERS NOMINEES. Italy. AIDAP for Eating Disorder Awareness. CALCIT Cancer Foundation. LILT Cancer Foundation. Kittivut Chairat. Ford Chokechai Sukhothai, Sukhothai, Thailand. New Car Dealers Onslow County Emergency Relief Fund. ... View Doc

Vespa Stores Have Closed Why? - YouTube
In Rome a shop makes only 6 to 7% on new vehicles yet they make over 50% of the car dealers and the like shouldn't have scooters. the biggest issue from this was I love Vespa but if I can fix ETON and CPI and make money why not? In Italy, Spain, and the UK stores get this ... View Video

Automotive Industry Crisis Of 2008–2010 - Wikipedia, The ...
Korean automaker Hyundai offered customers who have lost their jobs to return a new-car purchase for a refund. Germany and Italy. German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Jean-Claude Juncker, ... Read Article

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

What's Changing The Face Of The Automotive Industry
Dealers = 37,427 France UK Italy Spain Chart 7: European pro-fit pool in the order of W 45B Chart 6: Only UK and Italy with large dealerships 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% brand new car retailers, alliances of carmakers and high street retailers even for mass market brands etc. ... Retrieve Document

1967 Fiat Abarth 695 Esse-esse (HD Photo Video With Stereo ...
Guide new. Popular on YouTube; Music; Sports; Gaming; Movies; TV Shows; News; Spotlight; The car shows fantastic original details and this Abarth drives absolutely fun and fabulous! 9:33 Wheeler Dealers Ricambi Fiat 500 Part 2 by RicambiFiat500 27,860 views; ... View Video

Will Americans Buy The Smart? - Cars -- Test Drives, new car ...
In Italy we had it for years However the ones on US market today are “gray market” cars and there is not “network” of dealers. In of the Smart Car applied simple laws of physics to create a smaller car that takes automotive safety to a whole new level. In a collision, the car ... Read Article

New Car Dealers Italy

Automotive Finance And Leasing For Consumers In Europe
Based on a survey of 1,385 dealers in these countries and an investigation typically covering between 30 and Italy, 5.8% UK, 5.8% Spain, 5.1% new car sales, ... View Doc

Images of New Car Dealers Italy

Berlusconi Rips Magistrates Over Divorce Deal
Former Premier Silvio Berlusconi has infuriated Italy's legal establishment by blasting a group of female magistrates as "feminist" and "communist" for what he said was a €200,000- ($260,000-) a-day divorce settlement. ... Read News

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

Trade Marketing And Vertical Restraints: The Case Of ...
By the authors of this paper11 has focused on the perceived satisfaction of franchised dealers in Italy a bonus on new car sales (that is the margins being examined in this study) can be linked only to performance in the new car sales business. ... Get Document

Images of New Car Dealers Italy

Through Turbulent Times Automotive V1 - Deloitte | Audit ...
8 Fiat SpA $75,897 185,227 $9,997 31-Dec-07 Italy German new-car registrations in August dropped 10.4% from a year earlier, to around 214,400 vehicles, on the back of declining Car Dealers in Crisis; Ten percent of U.S. ... View Full Source

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

Understanding The Role Of The dealers And The Distribution ...
1.New car sales Italy..63 UK who again are entrepreneurs and sometimes to the existing dealers for new cars. ... Get Doc

Tour Of Ferraris - YouTube
(Assuming there are any super car dealers in new york.) let alone a SUPER CAR. Btw, if your with your parents obviously there not going to be like, GTFO, while you mom/dad is right there 5:11 The Ferrari factory in Maranello Italy by wck1215 879,867 views; ... View Video

New Car Dealers Italy Photos

Automobile Dealers: Market Research Report
New-Car Dealers’ Spending on Advertising by Medium Dealer Association Online Advertisement Expenditure Table 25: US Auto Dealership Market France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed with ... Access Full Source

Mafia Wars Jobs, Payouts And Rewards - Video Game Cheats ...
Rough Up Dealers - 1x Take Out a Rogue Cop - 1x Perform a Hit - 1x Bank Heist - 1.67x (best experience) Jewelry Store Job - 1.62x Hijack a Semi - 1.29x. Soldier Jobs - Levels 9-12. Destroy Enemy Mob Hideout - 1x Kill a Protected Snitch - 1x ... Read Article

Pictures of New Car Dealers Italy

HWB Management Briefing 3/06/7 - Hwb International Ltd
Italy 785 Spain 408 UK 328 France -122 West Europe (16) 3,522 Central Europe (16) 648 EU (24) 4,469 1 The 2005 figures pre-date the demise of the MG Rover franchise in April 2005. Some of the 1,361 Among consumers, opinions on new car dealers are mixed. ... Return Document

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

Fiat Panda - Business 2000 Home -Case Studies For The ...
Its inception in Turin,Italy on July 11th,1899,the company continued A launch to the dealers is different to launching a car to the public. Pre- a new car,the choice of TV and outdoor advertising makes perfect marketing ... Access Doc

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

Future Of Car Dealerships - Hwb International Ltd
Italy, for example, has twice the average throughput of Germany and nearly six times that of Switzerland. Average Sales per Dealer* 2003 EU 208 USA 393 * per franchise point – net totals Brand exclusive dealers sell only one make of new car; ... Read Full Source

Photos of New Car Dealers Italy

Dealer Risk Assessment And Contingency Plan Development
USA Germany Italy Dealers In number of dealerships Sales volume In million passenger cars per year 2008 3,900 a professor of finance at New York’s Stern School of Business, developed and published the z-score plan for these car dealers but also the estimated moment of their ... Read Document

Pictures of New Car Dealers Italy

City Navigator Europe V.8 (February 2006) Update Information
All Ford garages have been added as new car dealers. 14 cities (inhabitants: 47,859; surface: 111.5 km2) have been updated (including POIs). 100% Address Range coverage has been reached for this • Italy: 80% detailed coverage with address ranges for more than 29.7 million inhabitants. ... Content Retrieval

New Car Dealers Italy


Local manufactured cars represent the 28.1 per cent of total new registered cars in Italy in 2004. The same system goes for spare parts dealers where they provide logistics to car Italy has one of the oldest car fleets in Europe and there are specialist distributors for both ... Fetch This Document

New Car Dealers Italy Pictures

TOP SPEED Depl QUICK 24 05 10
People who buy a new car or commercial vehicle. opportunities and projects for car dealers and gearbox specialists. 02 (VR) Italy tel +39 045 9783862 fax +39 045 994498 www.top-automotive.com top@top-automotive.com 03. TOP AUTOMOTIVE s.r.l. ... Fetch Full Source

Monday, February 6, 2012

New Car Dealers Profit Margin

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Photos

Car Dealer Secrets EXPOSED!!! - Broadband Providers ...
Rick says that most car salesman have no idea what the profit margin is in a car they are merely puppets expertly controlled by their sales recommends all new car buyers to closely inspect and check their car dealers are careless and dishonest merely to be wary of the fact ... Visit Document

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Images

Automotive - Koç Holding
Passenger car sales fell by 14.4% while the sale of light commercial vehicles slid by 20.8%. Gross Profit Margin: 14.5% Operating Profit Margin: 8.7% www.fordotosan.com.tr adding 12 new dealers including sales, spare parts and ... Fetch Here

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Photos

CarProof Provides Buyers With History Of Used Cars
The New Car Dealers Association of B.C., with a copy of CarProof. Photograph by : Ian Lindsay, Vancouver Sun Warkentin said the cost of the report will be covered by the profit margin of a vehicle sale and won’t be added directly as a ... Return Doc

Pictures of New Car Dealers Profit Margin

Intra-Industry Analysis - University Of Nevada, Las Vegas
Share of industry revenue Auto loans Leasing Warranty Gasoline Auto insurance Aftermarket parts Auto rental Operating margin Auto manufacturing New car dealers Used car dealers Service & repair Vertical Segmentation & Industry Profit Pools —The US Auto Industry SEGMENT Low price ... Retrieve Document

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Photos

Class 1 MGMT 562
Chapter 1 Review from Grant Resources and Capabilities Profit Potential of Resources Share of industry revenue Auto loans Leasing Warranty Gasoline Auto insurance Aftermarket parts Auto rental Operating margin Auto manufacturing New car dealers Used car dealers Service ... Access Doc

Market Maker - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Hoping to make a profit on the bid-offer spread, or turn. Contents. 1 In currency exchange; the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX), Margin; Market anomaly; Market capitalization; Market depth; Market manipulation; Market trend; ... Read Article

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Pictures

Proactive Parts Management Better Communication Can Help ...
Dealers and their parts manag-ers also need to get on the same shortest profit margin categories; and tends to get the most scrutiny as far as whether it is profitable new car department (used cars should be paying list price). ... Get Doc

Aston Martin - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Kensington and a new car designed to carry the Aston-Martin name. A successful turn-around strategy led to the recruitment of 360 new employees and, by 1977, a trading profit of £750,000. More dealers in Europe and the new pair in China brought the total to 120 in 28 countries. ... Read Article

Tips For Dealing With Coin Dealers - The Wholesale Coin Market
Insider's tips for dealing with coin dealers. The wholesaler aggressively seeks to bring new material into the marketplace, and often attends coin shows, local auctions, The difference between the two prices is the profit margin. ... Read Article

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Images

Intra-Industry Analysis - University Of Kentucky
Share of industry revenue Auto loans Leasing Warranty Gasoline Auto insurance Aftermarket parts Auto rental Operating margin Auto manufacturing New car dealers Used car dealers Service & repair Vertical Segmentation & Industry Profit Pools —The US Auto Industry SEGMENT Low price ... Visit Document

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Photos

Driving Profitability - GUPEA: Home
The population of car dealers that we have chosen to study meet the following stated criteria In 2009 however, the correlation between the new car retention rate and profit margin proves to be weaker than in 2006-2009. able 4.7.1 New and used car retention rate - correlations (all firms ... Content Retrieval

New Car Dealers Profit Margin

January 2003 In-Site - NMVB Home Page
Ing disputes between manufacturers and California new car dealers in an efficient, fair, and cost-effective man-ner. see on a lot. In addition, eBay helps dealers increase their profit margin on cars by decreasing the amount of overhead required to sell a vehicle. Finally, dealers can ... Access Content

2012 Fixed Ops Sales Solutions!! - (NEW! Automotive News ...
New Electronic Menu Revolutionizes Fixed ops Automotive Dealership Accessory Business auto car magazine, auto parts magazines, 10:31 Profit Markup vs. Margin - Simple Formula, Common Mistake by LMNVideo 18,247 views; ... View Video

A System Dynamics Study On The Liberalization Plans Of The ...
Valorem, 10 percent value added tax, and 10 percent VAT on the car dealers' profit margin. On a per unit basis, taxes may amount to no less than US$ 2,075. If these were deducted, a typical brand-new, changes in new car sales figures are attributed to the magnitude ... Doc Retrieval

Used Car Dealers Make Money Off Your Financing And Warranty
It’s a blog for folks hoping to get a dealer’s license in California and has information about new and used cars. used car dealers. These services typically provide large profit margins for dealers, ... Read Article

Pictures of New Car Dealers Profit Margin

January 31, 2012 Consumers For Auto Reliability And Safety ...
Against both new and used car dealers are combined, more consumers complain about auto for inflating the profit margin in each sale. Also, consumers are at a distinct disadvantage in assessing the condition and history of vehicles prior to purchase. ... View Doc

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Pictures


Dealers Profit from Arranging Financing How Car Dealers are Paid to Put Us in More • Pre-loaded add-ons typically carry the highest margin because dealers can make something sound valuable (“Appearance Package”) but not disclose ... Read Content

Pictures of New Car Dealers Profit Margin

Automotive Messenger - Grant Thornton - We Are Grant Thornton
Mitigate margin pressure it will also clearly restrict opportunities for new-car business. This will in turn increase the need for dealers to look elsewhere for profit opportunities. Most have already taken steps to reduce their ... Retrieve Full Source

Pictures of New Car Dealers Profit Margin

WHAT DOES THE GROSS PROFIT TELL ME?
What Does the Gross Profit % Tell Me? 2 GROSS MARGIN PERCENTAGES RETAIL GP % Butchers 30.0 Men’s Fashions 36.8 Delicatessens 27.7 Milk Bars 42.3 Electrical 56.0 New Car Dealers 16.1 Flower and Garden ... Access This Document

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Images

Aw On The Move October 09 ISPL Output
Volume of new car sale through exchange offers, increase the margin of dealers’ profit, enhance the customer base by selling certified cars, thus making purchase of a car a reality for those who cannot afford a brand new car. ON THE MOVE 05 ... Fetch This Document

ANTI-COMPETITIVE STATE LAWS COST NEW CAR BUYERS MORE THAN $20 ...
"State laws limit consumer purchase and financing of new motor vehicles to car dealers," said Phyllis Rowe, 2001. The margin of error is CFA is a non-profit association of 270 pro-consumer groups that, since 1968, ... Doc Retrieval

How To Get Your Used car dealers License - YouTube
Guide new. Popular on YouTube; Music; Sports; Gaming and then I show you an example of the profit margin on a 2003 BMW 745LI luxury ride.niiiice. Check out my website, www.getyourdealerslicense.com and sign up to get your used car dealers license in all 50 states, NO CAR LOT ... View Video

Behind The Dealership Curtain - DIY Auto Repair Help - Car ...
You don’t even want to know the margin on those light bulbs. I bought a new car in 1977 and the deal included free oil changes. and can do it fast, and still make a profit from the dealers, you will see them taking tons of these issues. ... Read Article

Chevrolet Chevelle - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
He departed in late September 1972 to start a brief stint as vice president of General Motors's Car and Truck Group. DeLorean left the new Chevelle an important legacy, though. The Malibu versions of the Chevelle continued to sell best by a wide margin, a non-profit organization. Contact us; ... Read Article

Images of New Car Dealers Profit Margin

Audiovox Launches Car Connection® PRO
LAS VEGAS , Jan. 7, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- LVCC, CENTERHALL, BOOTH 10415 -- Audiovox Electronics Corporation (AEC) , a wholly-owned subsidiary of VOXX International Corp.   (NASDAQ: VOXX), announced today ... Read News

New Car Dealers Profit Margin Pictures

Profit Pools: A Fresh Look At Strategy
PROFIT POOLS: 98305 A FRESH LOOK AT STRATEGY In 1996, the margin on used car sales was triple that earned on new car sales. Not surprisingly, many dealers have been investing new car dealers used car dealers gasoline auto insurance service repair ... Doc Retrieval